For the study, researchers from the RVC, University of Edinburgh and Scotland’s Rural College analysed data from the RVC’s VetCompass Programme on a random sample of 2,440 nail clipping cases taken from over 2 million dogs under UK primary veterinary practice care during 2019, 5.64% of UK dogs (over one in twenty dogs) were found to have had their nails clipped at least once as part of their primary veterinary care each year.
The nail clipping was the primary reason for attending the veterinary visit for more than half (59.40%) of those dogs.
The most cited clinical reasons for nail clipping veterinary visits were overgrown and/or ingrown nails (12.66%) and broken claws or dewclaws (8.84%).
Of the breeds that were most likely to present for nail-clipping, 13.29% of chihuahuas were clipped each year, 12.58% of beagles, 11.98% of greyhounds and 9.36% of pugs.
Dog breeds with a skull shape that deviated from a typical medium-length skull in either direction also had a higher risk of needing nail clipping.
Flat-faced dogs breeds (e.g. pugs, French bulldogs, shih tzus) were 1.67 times more likely to have their nails clipped, while breeds with long faces (e.g. greyhound, whippet) were 1.32 times more likely to have their nails clipped, compared to breeds with a medium length skull (e.g. Labrador retriever, English springer spaniel).
Dog breeds with shortened and often twisted legs (chondrodystrophic breeds) were also 1.44 times more likely to have their nails clipped compared to dog breeds with straight legs.
Age and body weight also affected a dog’s chances of undergoing nail clipping.
Young dogs aged between 1 to 2 years were the most likely to have nail clipping procedures.
Smaller dogs weighing less than 10.00 kg had higher odds of overgrown nails compared to larger dogs weighing 40.00 kg or more.
The researchers say that frequency of nail clipping in primary veterinary care indicates the need for comprehensive teaching of canine nail care in veterinary and veterinary nursing education, as well as proactive veterinary monitoring, nail care protocols and owner education.
Dr Dan O’Neill, Associate Professor of Companion Animal Epidemiology at the RVC and co-author of the paper, said: “This new VetCompass study shows that some dog breeds have more than twice the need to have their nails clipped compared to other breeds.
"This highlights just how distinct humanity has made each dog breed and suggests we are getting close to the time when we should no longer consider all dog breeds as even being the same species.”
Dr Lavin Ahmed, Veterinary Surgeon, President of Protecting Animals in Kurdistan Organization (PAKO) and lead author of the study, said: “When I was first offered nail clipping by RVC VetCompass as my MSc research topic, I honestly underestimated its significance.
"It seemed like just another routine procedure that we all do every day in veterinary practice.
"However, reading the clinical records made it clear that nail care is more than just a trivial grooming procedure but is a genuine welfare issue that deserves much more attention in both veterinary training and owner education.”
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