The first reported laparoscopy in a reindeer, and the first reported successful laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in a deer species.

Despite ruminants large body size, laparoscopy is difficult due to the space occupying rumen, and difficulty of organ retraction.

A further limitation is the need for anaesthesia in non-domestic ruminants, further limiting the operating space available.

First published Thu, Sep 16 2010